Menyoal Constitutional Hardball dalam Praktik Peraturan Darurat di Indonesia

Muhammad Fathi, Muhammad Alfin Imanullah

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji praktik constitutional hardball dalam penerbitan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) Cipta Kerja 2022 dalam kerangka konstitusi Indonesia. Meskipun UUD 1945 memberikan kewenangan kepada Presiden untuk menerbitkan Perppu dalam keadaan “kegentingan yang memaksa”, penggunaan kewenangan ini memicu perdebatan mengenai legitimasi dan potensi penyalahgunaannya. Melalui penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif, kajian ini menganalisis dasar konstitusional kewenangan darurat, kondisi kegentingan yang memaksa, serta penafsiran Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan pemerintah terkait resesi global, inflasi, serta krisis pangan dan energi lebih bersifat antisipatif daripada keadaan darurat yang nyata, sehingga tidak memenuhi ambang batas konstitusional. Lebih jauh, penerbitan Perppu tersebut berfungsi bukan sebagai respons darurat, melainkan sebagai manuver politik untuk menghindari putusan inkonstitusional bersyarat Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap UU Cipta Kerja 2020. Fenomena ini merepresentasikan constitutional hardball, yakni ketika tindakan yang secara formal sah secara hukum justru merongrong semangat demokrasi, prinsip checks and balances, serta supremasi konstitusi. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi pada diskursus hukum tata negara dengan menempatkan pengalaman Indonesia dalam perdebatan global mengenai kewenangan darurat serta menekankan pentingnya penguatan mekanisme kelembagaan guna mencegah penyalahgunaan kewenangan eksekutif.

Keywords

Checks and Balances; Constitutional Hardball; Constitutional Supremacy; Kekuasaan Darurat; Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v23i1.1647